Top 50 Laravel Interview Questions and Answers 2025

1. What is Laravel and what are its key features?

Answer:
Laravel is a popular open-source PHP framework used for web application development. It follows the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture and is known for its elegant syntax, robust features, and developer-friendly tools.

Key Features:

• Eloquent ORM (Object-Relational Mapping)

• Routing System

• Blade Templating Engine

• Artisan CLI

• Middleware Support

• Authentication and Authorization

• Task Scheduling

Example:

// Route Example
Route::get('/users', [UserController::class, 'index']);

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2. What is Middleware in Laravel?

Answer:
Middleware acts as a filter for HTTP requests entering your application. It helps in executing code before or after a request is handled by the controller.

Use Cases:

• Authentication

• Logging

• CORS handling

Creating Middleware:

php artisan make:middleware CheckAge

Example:

// app/Http/Middleware/CheckAge.php
public function handle($request, Closure $next)
{
    if ($request->age <= 18) {
        return redirect('no-access');
    }
    return $next($request);
}

Register in Kernel.php:

protected $routeMiddleware = [
    'checkage' => \App\Http\Middleware\CheckAge::class,
];

Use in route:

Route::get('dashboard', function () {
    // ...
})->middleware('checkage'); 

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3. What is Eloquent ORM in Laravel?

Answer:
Eloquent ORM is Laravel’s built-in ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) that provides a simple and elegant ActiveRecord implementation for working with the database.

Key Features:

• Easy CRUD operations

• Relationship support (one-to-many, many-to-many)

• Query building

Example:

// Model
$user = User::find(1);
echo $user->name;

// Insert
$user = new User();
$user->name = 'John';
$user->email = 'john@example.com';
$user->save();

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4. What are Laravel Service Providers?

Answer:
Service providers are the central place of all Laravel application bootstrapping. They register bindings in the service container and are responsible for loading configuration, registering services, events, etc.

Example: Registering a class in a service provider:

$this->app->bind('App\Contracts\PaymentInterface', 'App\Services\StripePayment');

Service providers are located in:

app/Providers/

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5. What is Dependency Injection in Laravel?

Answer:
Dependency Injection is a design pattern used to inject class dependencies into a class via the constructor or method. Laravel automatically resolves dependencies via the service container.

Example:

class UserController extends Controller
{
    protected $userService;
    
    public function __construct(UserService $userService)
    {
        $this->userService = $userService;
    }
}

Laravel will automatically inject the UserService class when UserController is instantiated.

---

6. What is the use of Laravel’s Artisan Command Line Tool?

Answer:
Artisan is Laravel's command-line interface. It provides several helpful commands for tasks like migration, seeding, cache clearing, and even creating controllers and models.

Common Commands:

php artisan list
php artisan make:controller UserController
php artisan make:model Post -m
php artisan migrate
php artisan serve

---

7. What is the difference between hasOne and belongsTo in Laravel?

Answer: Both are Eloquent relationship methods.

• hasOne: The current model owns one instance of the related model.

• belongsTo: The current model is owned by another model.

Example:

// User hasOne Profile
public function profile()
{
    return $this->hasOne(Profile::class);
}

// Profile belongsTo User
public function user()
{
    return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
}

---

8. What are Laravel Migrations and why are they useful?

Answer:
Migrations are a version control system for your database, allowing teams to define and share the application's database schema definition.

Benefits:

• Track database changes

• Share schema between developers

• Easily rollback changes

Commands:

php artisan make:migration create_users_table
php artisan migrate
php artisan migrate:rollback

Example:

public function up()
{
    Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        $table->string('name');
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}

---

9. What is Laravel's Blade templating engine?

Answer:
Blade is Laravel's built-in templating engine. It allows you to write PHP code in your views with a cleaner syntax and provides control structures like @if, @foreach, etc.

Example:

<!-- welcome.blade.php -->
<h1>Hello, {{ $name }}</h1>

@foreach($users as $user)
    <p>{{ $user->name }}</p>
@endforeach

---

10. What are Laravel Events and Listeners?

Answer:
Events are a way to implement the Observer pattern in Laravel. They allow you to subscribe and listen to specific actions that occur in your app.

Example:

Create event:

php artisan make:event UserRegistered

Create listener:

php artisan make:listener SendWelcomeEmail

Register in EventServiceProvider:

protected $listen = [
    UserRegistered::class => [
        SendWelcomeEmail::class,
    ],
];

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11. What is the difference between soft delete and hard delete in Laravel?

Answer:

• Soft Delete: Records are not permanently removed from the database. Instead, a deleted_at timestamp is set.

• Hard Delete: Records are permanently deleted from the database.

Soft Delete Example:

Add SoftDeletes trait:

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;

class Post extends Model {
    use SoftDeletes;
}

Post::find(1)->forceDelete();

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12. What are Laravel Facades?

Answer:
Facades provide a static interface to classes in the service container. They make complex classes easier to use without manually instantiating them.

Example:

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;

Cache::put('key', 'value', 600);
$value = Cache::get('key');

Facades are defined in config/app.php and map to service container bindings.

---

13. What is CSRF protection in Laravel?

Answer:
CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) is a security feature to prevent unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated users.

Laravel automatically includes CSRF tokens in forms.

Example in Blade:

<form method="POST" action="/submit">
    @csrf
    <input type="text" name="name">
    <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

Verify middleware:

\App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken

---

14. What is the difference between get(), first(), and find() in Eloquent?

Answer:

• get(): Returns a collection of results.

• first(): Returns first result of the query.

• find(): Finds a record by primary key.

Examples:

User::where('status', 'active')->get();     // Collection
User::where('email', 'test@example.com')->first(); // Single object
User::find(1); // Find by ID

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15. How do you use validation in Laravel?

Answer:
Laravel provides several ways to validate form inputs using the validate() method or a Form Request class.

Example:

public function store(Request $request)
{
    $validated = $request->validate([
        'name' => 'required|max:255',
        'email' => 'required|email|unique:users',
    ]);
}

---

16. What is the use of queues in Laravel?

Answer:
Queues in Laravel are used to defer time-consuming tasks, like sending emails or processing images, improving application performance.

Usage Flow:

1. Create job

2. Dispatch job

3. Queue worker processes job

Create Job:

php artisan make:job SendWelcomeEmail

Dispatch:

SendWelcomeEmail::dispatch($user);

Run queue:

php artisan queue:work

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17. What is Laravel Passport and when to use it?

Answer:
Laravel Passport is a package that provides a full OAuth2 server implementation for API authentication.

Use When:

• You need secure API authentication

• Mobile apps or third-party access

Steps:

composer require laravel/passport php artisan migrate php artisan passport:install

In User model:

use Laravel\Passport\HasApiTokens;

Register routes:

Passport::routes();

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18. How to create and use custom helper functions in Laravel?

Answer:

1. Create a helper file:
   app/helpers.php

          function format_price($price) {
              return '$' . number_format($price, 2);
          }

2. Include helper in composer.json:

     "autoload": { "files": [ "app/helpers.php" ] }

3. Run:

     composer dump-autoload

Usage:

echo format_price(1000); // $1,000.00

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19. What is the difference between include, extends, and yield in Blade?

Answer:

• @include: Inserts another Blade file.

• @extends: Defines a layout that the current view should inherit.

• @yield: Placeholder for content to be injected.

---

20. What are Laravel Collections?

Answer:
Collections are wrapper classes around arrays that provide a fluent, convenient interface for working with data.

Common Methods:

• map()

• filter()

• pluck()

• sort()

• reduce()

Example:

$users = collect([1, 2, 3, 4]);

$filtered = $users->filter(function ($value) {
    return $value > 2;
});

$filtered->all(); // [3, 4]

---

21. How does Laravel handle file uploads?

Answer:
Laravel makes file uploads easy using the Request object.

Example:

public function upload(Request $request)
{
    $request->validate([
        'image' => 'required|image|mimes:jpg,jpeg,png|max:2048',
    ]);

    $file = $request->file('image');
    $filename = time() . '.' . $file->getClientOriginalExtension();
    $file->move(public_path('uploads'), $filename);

    return back()->with('success', 'File uploaded!');
}

---

22. What is route model binding in Laravel?

Answer:
Route model binding allows automatic injection of model instances based on route parameters.

Example:

Route::get('/user/{user}', function (User $user) {
    return $user->email;
});

Here, Laravel will automatically fetch the user by ID.

---

23. What is the Repository Pattern in Laravel?

Answer:
The Repository Pattern is a way to abstract the data layer, separating business logic from database queries.

Benefits:

• More testable code

• Separation of concerns

• Cleaner controller

Example Interface:

interface UserRepositoryInterface {
    public function getAll();
 

Implementation:

class UserRepository implements UserRepositoryInterface {
    public function getAll() {
        return User::all();
    }
}

Bind in AppServiceProvider.

---

24. What is Laravel Sanctum?

Answer:
Sanctum is a lightweight API authentication system for SPAs and mobile apps.

Use for:

• Token-based APIs

• SPA authentication (Vue/React)

Basic Setup:

composer require laravel/sanctum
php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Laravel\Sanctum\SanctumServiceProvider"
php artisan migrate

Use in model:

use Laravel\Sanctum\HasApiTokens;

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25. What are observers in Laravel?

Answer:
Observers listen to model events such as created, updated, deleted, etc.

Create Observer:

bash

CopyEdit

php artisan make:observer UserObserver --model=User

Example:

public function created(User $user) {
    Log::info('New user created: ' . $user->email);
 

Register in AppServiceProvider.

---

26. How does Laravel handle sessions?

Answer:
Laravel supports various session drivers: file, cookie, database, redis.

Session Usage:

// Store
session(['key' => 'value']);

// Retrieve
$value = session('key');

// Remove
session()->forget('key');

---

27. How do you implement localization in Laravel?

Answer:
Localization is used to support multiple languages in Laravel apps.

Steps:

1. Store translations in resources/lang/en, resources/lang/fr, etc.

2. Use Lang::get() or __() helper.

Example:

// resources/lang/en/messages.php
return [
    'welcome' => 'Welcome!',
];

// Usage
{{ __('messages.welcome') }}

---

28. How to handle exceptions in Laravel?

Answer:
Laravel uses App\Exceptions\Handler to manage exceptions.

Custom Handling:

public function render($request, Throwable $exception)
{
    if ($exception instanceof CustomException) {
        return response()->view('errors.custom', [], 500);
    }

    return parent::render($request, $exception);
}

---

29. How to use Laravel's job batching feature?

Answer:
Job batching lets you group multiple jobs and track their completion.

Example:

Bus::batch([
    new ProcessPodcast($podcast),
    new OptimizePodcast($podcast),
])->dispatch();

Use then(), catch(), finally() for callbacks.

---

30. How do you use Laravel Scout?

Answer:
Laravel Scout provides a simple driver-based solution for full-text search.

Example with Meilisearch/Algolia:

composer require laravel/scout
php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Laravel\Scout\ScoutServiceProvider"

In Model:

use Laravel\Scout\Searchable;

class Post extends Model {
    use Searchable;
}

Search:

Post::search('Laravel')->get();

---

31. How does Laravel handle caching?

Answer:
Laravel supports caching with drivers like file, database, Redis, etc.

Usage:

Cache::put('key', 'value', 600);
Cache::get('key');
Cache::forget('key');

Tagged Cache:

Cache::tags(['users'])->put('user:1', $user);

---

32. What are Laravel policies and gates?

Answer:
Laravel provides authorization mechanisms via policies and gates.

• Gate: Closures to authorize actions.

• Policy: Class-based approach.

Gate Example:

Gate::define('edit-post', function ($user, $post) {
    return $user->id === $post->user_id;
});

Policy Example:

php artisan make:policy PostPolicy --model=Post 

---

33. What is Laravel Mix?

Answer:
Laravel Mix is a wrapper around Webpack for compiling CSS/JS assets.

Example:

// webpack.mix.js
mix.js('resources/js/app.js', 'public/js')
   .sass('resources/sass/app.scss', 'public/css')

Compile:

npm run dev

---

34. What is event broadcasting in Laravel?

Answer:
Event broadcasting allows real-time communication using WebSockets (e.g. with Pusher or Laravel Echo).

Steps:

1. Create Event with implements ShouldBroadcast.

2. Configure broadcasting.

3. Listen on frontend using Echo.

---

35. What are Laravel collections macros?

Answer:
You can add custom methods to the collection class using macros.

Example:

Collection::macro('toUpper', function () {
    return $this->map(function ($value) {
        return strtoupper($value);
    });
})

Use:

collect(['a', 'b'])->toUpper(); // ['A', 'B']

---

36. How do you define constants in Laravel?

Answer:
You can define constants in:

• .env file

• config/constants.php (custom config file)

Usage:

// .env
APP_MODE=PRODUCTION

// config/constants.php
return [
    'APP_VERSION' => '1.0.0',
];

// Usage
config('constants.APP_VERSION');

---

37. What is the difference between php artisan serve and setting up a virtual host?

Answer:

• php artisan serve: Quick way to run Laravel using PHP’s built-in server (for development).

• Virtual Host: Used in Apache/Nginx for custom domain in local environment.

Use artisan serve only for quick local testing.

---

38. What is the purpose of php artisan config:cache?

Answer:
php artisan config:cache is used to combine all configuration files into one cached file, improving performance.

Use this in production after updating .env or config files.

---

39. How can you schedule tasks in Laravel?

Answer:
Laravel's Task Scheduler lets you schedule Artisan commands.

Define in app/Console/Kernel.php:

$schedule->command('emails:send')->dailyAt('13:00');

Run scheduler:

* * * * * php /path/to/artisan schedule:run >> /dev/null 2>&1

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40. How do you implement API rate limiting in Laravel?

Answer:
Laravel provides built-in rate limiting using the throttle middleware.

Example:

Route::middleware('throttle:60,1')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/api/user', function () {
        return auth()->user();
    });
});

This limits to 60 requests per minute.

---

41. What is a Service Provider in Laravel?

Answer:
Service Providers are the central place for bootstrapping application services. They are responsible for binding classes into the service container, registering events, middleware, and configuration.

Default Location:
app/Providers/

Key Methods:

• register(): Bind services to the container.

• boot(): Perform post-registration tasks.

Example:

public function register()
{
    $this->app->bind('MyService', function () {
        return new \App\Services\MyService();
    });
}

Register in config/app.php:

'providers' => [ App\Providers\MyServiceProvider::class, ],

---

42. What is the Service Container in Laravel?

Answer:
The Service Container is a powerful dependency injection container used for managing class dependencies and performing dependency injection.

Basic Binding:

app()->bind('App\Contracts\PaymentGateway', 'App\Services\StripePayment');

Automatic Resolution:

public function __construct(PaymentGateway $gateway) {
    $this->gateway = $gateway;
}

You can resolve any class with:

app(PaymentGateway::class);

---

43. What is Laravel Echo and when to use it?

Answer:
Laravel Echo is a JavaScript library for listening to server-side events broadcast by Laravel via WebSockets.

Use for:

• Real-time chat

• Notifications

• Live updates

Frontend:

Echo.channel('orders')
    .listen('OrderShipped', (e) => {
        console.log(e.order);
    });

---

44. What is the difference between hasOne and belongsTo in Eloquent relationships?

Answer:

• hasOne: The parent model has one related model.

• belongsTo: The child model belongs to a parent.

Example:

// User.php
public function profile() {
    return $this->hasOne(Profile::class);
}

// Profile.php
public function user() {
    return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
}

---

45. How do you use Middleware in Laravel?

Answer:
Middleware filters HTTP requests before reaching the controller.

Create Middleware:

php artisan make:middleware CheckAge

Use:

Route::get('/restricted', function () { // ... })->middleware('check.age');

Global or route-specific middleware is registered in Kernel.php.

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46. What is Lazy vs Eager Loading in Laravel?

Answer:

• Lazy Loading: Related data is loaded on-demand.

• Eager Loading: Related data is loaded with the initial query.

Example:

// Lazy
$posts = Post::all();
foreach ($posts as $post) {
    echo $post->user->name;
}

// Eager
$posts = Post::with('user')->get();

Eager loading is faster and avoids N+1 query issues.

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47. What are Accessors and Mutators in Laravel?

Answer:

• Accessors: Format data when retrieving.

• Mutators: Format data before saving.

Example:

// Accessor
public function getNameAttribute($value) {
    return ucfirst($value);
}

// Mutator
public function setPasswordAttribute($value) {
    $this->attributes['password'] = bcrypt($value);
}

---

48. What is the use of with() and load() in Eloquent?

Answer:

• with(): Eager loads before query execution.

• load(): Eager loads after model has been retrieved.

Example:

Post::with('comments')->get(); // with()
$post->load('comments');       // load()

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49. What is Laravel’s tap() helper function?

Answer:
tap() is used to perform actions on a value and return it.

Example:

$user = tap(User::first(), function ($user) {
    $user->update(['last_login' => now()]);
});

Returns the user after executing callback.

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50. What is the purpose of the boot() method in a service provider?

Answer:
The boot() method is called after all other service providers have been registered. It is used to perform actions like:

• Registering routes

• Event listeners

• Publishing config files

Example:

public function boot()
{
    view()->composer('*', function ($view) {
        $view->with('appName', config('app.name'));
    });
}

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